Minggu, 10 Mei 2015

Gerund and Infinitive

pengertian gerund and infinitive
Pengertian Gerund
Gerund adalah bentuk kata kerja -ing  ketika digunakan sebagai kata benda .
a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.
                                                    b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.
a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.
·         Gerund sebagai subjek
Learning foreign languages is hard work
Swimming is hobby

·         Gerund sebagai objek
Some people don’t like flying
He enjoys reading novel
I finish writing letter

·         Gerund sebagai propositional phrase
He is good at singing
Ths land is good for farming

·         Gerund sebagai complement
My father’s favourite sport is playing football
Her hobby is telling story

·         Gerund sebagai noun modifier
The waiting room is very large
The reading books are on the table

·         Gerund sebagai larangan
No smoking,
No parking,
No swimming.

b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.
Karena Gerund adalah bagian kata kerja, ia dapat menggunakan objek di belakangnya. Misalnya :
e) Objek langsung (dengan transitif) :
·         · He is clever at teaching mathematics = Ia pandai dalam mengajarkan matematika.
f) Objek Tak Langsung (dengan transitif)
·         · He is clever at teaching us mathematics = Ia pandai dalam mengajarkan matematika kepada kami.
g) Objek yang tetap dipertahankan dalam kalimat pasif (Retained object)
·         · She is pleased at being taught mathematics = Ia senang sekali terhadap matematika yang diajarkan kepadanya.
h) Objek yang artinya mirip dengan kata kerja itu sendiri = cognate object (dengan intransitif)
·         · She is proud of having sung a fine song = Ia bangga akan nyanyian merdu yang telah ia nyanyikan.
i) Objek refleksif (dengan intransitif)
·         · She is in the habit of oversleeping herself = Kebiasaannya sendiri bangun kesiangan (tidur terlalu lama)

The Infinitive with to
after:
the first
Gagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship.
the last
Peter was the last to watch the film.
the next
He is the next to get his passport.

after:
adjectives
I’m happy to be here.
It’s better not to smoke.

after:
certain verbs
(agree, choose, forget, hope, learn, promise, regret, want, …)
I learn to drive a car.

after:
question words
I don’t know what to say.
Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?

after:
want/would like
I want you to help me.

verb + object + to-infinitive
I helped my dad to clean the car.
The Infinitive without to
after auxiliaries/modals
can
He can run very fast.
could
As a boy he could run very fast.
may
I may fly to Africa this summer.
might
I might fly to Africa this summer.
must
I must go now.
mustn’t
You mustn’t smoke here.
needn’t
You needn’t go.
shall
We shall sing a song.
should
We should sing a song.
will
She will cook a meal for his birthday.
would
She would cook a meal for his birthday.
after to do
do
I don’t know.
after the following expressions:
had better
You had better clean up your room.
would rather
Susan would rather study for her exam tomorrow.
would sooner
I would sooner read a book than watch this film.
why not
Why not ask your neighbour for help?
why should we
Why should we go by car?
why should we not
Why should we not go by car?
after verbs of perception + object (action has finished):
feel
She feels the rain fall on her face.
hear
I heard Peter sing a song.
notice
Mandy noticed the boy climb the tree.
see
They saw him climb up the roof.
watch
He watched the thieves steal a car.
after let + object:
let
Sandy let her child go out alone.
Mother let her daughter decide on her own.
let’s
Let’s go for a walk through the park.
after make + object:
make
She made Peggy and Samantha clean the room


Ref: https://ukonhafid.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/pengertian-gerund-and-infinitive/