pengertian
gerund and infinitive
Pengertian Gerund
Gerund adalah bentuk kata kerja -ing ketika digunakan sebagai kata
benda .
a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.
b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.
a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.
·
Gerund sebagai subjek
Learning foreign languages is hard work
Swimming is hobby
·
Gerund sebagai objek
Some people don’t like flying
He enjoys reading novel
I finish writing letter
·
Gerund sebagai propositional phrase
He is good at singing
Ths land is good for farming
·
Gerund sebagai complement
My father’s favourite sport is playing football
Her hobby is telling story
·
Gerund sebagai noun modifier
The waiting room is very large
The reading books are on the table
·
Gerund sebagai larangan
No smoking,
No parking,
No swimming.
b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.
Karena Gerund adalah bagian kata kerja, ia dapat
menggunakan objek di belakangnya. Misalnya :
e) Objek langsung (dengan transitif) :
·
· He is clever at teaching mathematics = Ia pandai dalam
mengajarkan matematika.
f) Objek Tak Langsung (dengan transitif)
·
· He is clever at teaching us mathematics = Ia pandai
dalam mengajarkan matematika kepada kami.
g) Objek yang tetap dipertahankan dalam kalimat pasif (Retained
object)
·
· She is pleased at being taught mathematics = Ia senang
sekali terhadap matematika yang diajarkan kepadanya.
h) Objek yang artinya mirip dengan kata kerja itu sendiri = cognate
object (dengan intransitif)
·
· She is proud of having sung a fine song =
Ia bangga akan nyanyian merdu yang telah ia nyanyikan.
i) Objek refleksif (dengan intransitif)
·
· She is in the habit of oversleeping herself =
Kebiasaannya sendiri bangun kesiangan (tidur terlalu lama)
The Infinitive with to
after:
|
the first
|
Gagarin
was the first to fly in a spaceship.
|
the last
|
Peter was
the last to watch the film.
|
|
the next
|
He is the
next to get his passport.
|
after:
|
adjectives
|
I’m happy to
be here.
|
It’s
better not to smoke.
|
after:
|
certain
verbs
(agree, choose, forget, hope, learn, promise, regret, want, …) |
I learn to
drive a car.
|
after:
|
question
words
|
I don’t
know what to say.
|
Can you
tell me how to get to the bus stop?
|
after:
|
want/would
like
|
I want you to
help me.
|
verb +
object + to-infinitive
|
I helped
my dad to clean the car.
|
The Infinitive without to
after auxiliaries/modals
can
|
He can run
very fast.
|
could
|
As a boy
he could run very fast.
|
may
|
I may fly
to Africa this summer.
|
might
|
I might
fly to Africa this summer.
|
must
|
I must go
now.
|
mustn’t
|
You
mustn’t smoke here.
|
needn’t
|
You
needn’t go.
|
shall
|
We shall
sing a song.
|
should
|
We should
sing a song.
|
will
|
She will
cook a meal for his birthday.
|
would
|
She would
cook a meal for his birthday.
|
after to do
do
|
I don’t
know.
|
after the following expressions:
had better
|
You had
better clean up your room.
|
would
rather
|
Susan
would rather study for her exam tomorrow.
|
would
sooner
|
I would
sooner read a book than watch this film.
|
why not
|
Why not
ask your neighbour for help?
|
why should
we
|
Why should
we go by car?
|
why should
we not
|
Why should
we not go by car?
|
after verbs of perception + object (action has finished):
feel
|
She feels
the rain fall on her face.
|
hear
|
I heard
Peter sing a song.
|
notice
|
Mandy
noticed the boy climb the tree.
|
see
|
They saw
him climb up the roof.
|
watch
|
He watched
the thieves steal a car.
|
after let + object:
let
|
Sandy let
her child go out alone.
|
Mother let
her daughter decide on her own.
|
|
let’s
|
Let’s go
for a walk through the park.
|
after make + object:
make
|
She made
Peggy and Samantha clean the room
|
Ref: https://ukonhafid.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/pengertian-gerund-and-infinitive/